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Owen Reed

The Anatomy of a Good Alert

How to turn a noisy threshold into an actionable message for the person on call.

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An alert is a request for human attention. If it does not explain why attention is needed or what to do next, it is closer to a notification than an alert.

Five useful fields

Every alert should answer:

  1. What is happening?
  2. How bad is it?
  3. Who is affected?
  4. When did it start?
  5. What is the safest next action?
Checkout errors above 5% for 10 minutes
Impact: payments may fail for new orders
Started: 14:22 UTC
Next: check payment-provider status, then review deploy 8f31
Runbook: /runbooks/checkout-errors

Severity needs meaning

Level Meaning Expected response
Info Worth recording No immediate action
Warning Needs review soon Handle during working hours
High User impact is likely Respond now
Critical Major function unavailable Escalate and coordinate

Avoid alerting on symptoms alone

CPU usage may be high because traffic is healthy. A better alert combines a resource signal with an impact signal, such as elevated latency or failed requests.

The best alert is one that can be acknowledged confidently, investigated quickly, and closed with a clear explanation.